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Introduction:

For my literature review I will be discussing behaviourism and how it is attached and affects not only real classroom situations but computer based learning for example in e-learning. I will discuss how behaviourism effects children learning and how it is always there even without us realising it.  I will show from my research how computer based learning is growing and is a good way of getting children excited about learning and brining fun new experiences forward.

"Behaviourism (2000)"by Graham George is a fantastic article that gives the reader a real understanding on behaviourism and how it can effect learning outcomes. It tells us how environments can stimulate different behaviours that you wouldn't realise if you weren't familiar with how behaviourism works. Behaviourism has been around for decades and has been debated for just as long as its been around. Behaviourism is in some ways becoming less popular and there is harsh critic slating it saying its not as relevant as most people believe it to be.

Dr. Mary Anne Weegar and Dr. Dina Pacis (2012) studied the theory of behaviourism and constructivism and discussed how they are both connected in ways and how they can effect a Childs behaviour. A child is always learning and growing they are vulnerable to their environment around them. Behaviourism and Constructivism are not perfect they have their flaws that to this day are highly critisized for them. Behaviourism id debated to be outdated and shouldn't be used in a classroom envirmonet and that constructivism is the better of the two. Behaviourism is conditioning its supposed to alter someones behaviour, even though this can seem a bit outlandish and crazy the first time you think about it, its constatly there without us even picking up on it

Anne Semple discussed how the learning theories of constructivism and behaviourism effect the development of technology based learning. Technology based learning is a growing market that isn't taken as seriously as it should be. E-learning is a huge step forward for students and teachers. Computer based learning even though it seems hard to imagine can have aspects of behaviourism and constructivism evident. E-Learning is a way to condition children into viewing learning as fun and interactive its rewarding. Children are already familiar with computer based learning technology more so than the older generation such a teachers. educators should be taking a clearer look at computer based learning and seeing how beneficial it can be to many students mental health.

Positive Psychology is rising in this day and age. Positive psychology sees the use of a more positive attitude towards learning and focusing on the good rather than the bad. A lot of people focus on the negatives and see only faults it can then condition the person to have a negative reaction towards learning. Instead of teaching children to be afraid of criticism and faults positive psychology will help them to realise that making mistakes is all apart of the learning and its how we can improve ourselves. Behaviourism can be seen is positive psychology, as I stated earlier it can mold the way a child learns and responds to a learning enviroment.

Computer based games are a great way to track a Childs learning Progress they give the player a reward and helpful tips as the learn and improve. A study was done in 2010 using a brain training game that showed a great increase of positive attitude towards learning and gave children a reason to be excited to learn. These games not only are they entertaining but they have actually been proven to show real results that trace back and connect to behaviourism and constructivism in ways no one would've seen becoming a reality.

Mobile Learning is vastly becoming one of the fasted growing computer based learning technologies out there at the moment. Mobile learning give the student a sense of ownership and control it can make learning easy and in reach for many. Now a problem that can be seen with mobile learning is that it cant just be assumed that everyone has a mobile phone, so its to note that exclusion can be a emotion the will be felt by many. This is just one of the issues with this style of learning but is being explored and improved as time goes on.

Conclusion: 

The learning theory of behaviourism is very much so still present in this day and age and is evolving with the times as it is now being seen in not just a normal classroom setting but through E-Learning. We should not be looking down at e-learning but we should be learning and expanding our knowledge in new and exciting ways. its in everyones best interest to be open minded and keep exploring to be positive towards learning its a huge part of life that never stops so we should be making the most of it.

Citations:

Dr.Sajna Jaleel
Lecturer
School of Pedagogical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam, Kerala, India Mobile 
Number: +91-9846467080 e-mail:sajnajaleel@yahoo.co.in
Link to Paper

Graham, George
"Behaviourism"The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy (Spring 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)
Link to Paper

David J. Miller and Derek P. Robertson
British Journal of Educational Technology Vol 42 No 5 2011 850–864 doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01114.x
Dr. D. J. Miller, School of Education, Social Work and Community Education, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK. Email: d.j.miller@dundee.ac.uk
Link to Paper

Mike Sharples,
Institute of Educational Technology The Open University, UK
Sharples, Mike (2013). Mobile learning: research, practice and challenges. Distance Education in China, 3(5) pp. 5–11.
Email: mike.sharples@open.ac.uk
Web: http://iet.open.ac.uk/people/mike.sharples

Dr. Mary Anne Weegar
Dr. Dina Pacis E-Leader Manila 2012
National University San Diego, CA, USA
Link to Paper

Anne Semple
Australian Science Teachers Journal; Sep 2000; 46, 3; Education Module
Link to Paper

Simon Egenfeldt-Nielsen
Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy03 / 2006 (Volum 1)
Link to Paper

Wayne K. Hoy C. John Tarter
The Ohio State University, Columbus
OH, USA 2University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
Link to Paper

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Annotated bibliography 2

Just as last week I did some research into behaviourism and E-Learning using different bibliographies the would be of use to me and that would also help me form my own opinion on the matter.

1. BEHAVIOURISM FOR NEW PSYCHOLOGY: WHAT WAS WRONG WITH BEHAVIORISM AND WHAT IS WRONG WITH IT NOW

Peter Harzem
Auburn University

Behaviour and Philosophy, 32, 5-12 (2004). © 2004 Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies

Link to Paper

This paper is specifically about the evolution of behaviourism and how it is extremely different to what it was known to be when I was first “discovered” as such.  Behaviourism has been thrown around for many years now constantly being criticized, dissected and assessed. Without many people knowing certain parts of behaviourism are in all of scientific psychology. Behaviourism even though it has been around for a long time is constantly changing and being used in many different areas which can see a change for the better and lead to new discoveries that no one would’ve believed to happen. As said in the paper behaviourism doesn’t have a distinct major significance but it is everywhere and it is a huge part of scientific-psychological thought.

2. A Comparison of Two Theories of Learning -- Behaviorism and Constructivism as applied to Face-to-Face and Online Learning

Dr. Mary Anne Weegar

Dr. Dina Pacis 

E-Leader Manila 2012

National University San Diego, CA, USA

Link to Paper

This paper discusses the two learning theories behaviourism and constructivism. The paper goes into great detail on how behaviourism is always being examined and how behaviour can be predicted and even controlled to an extent. The paper also explained how an environment can affect learning and change outcomes. We see how constructivism differs from behaviourism and how constructivists see learning as a way to know meaning. We get to discover how even though the two theories are different they are also connected in how they can change a child’s learning perspective in ways. We also learn how these theories effect teachers and their learning perspectives, and how they are viewing the ways of new technologies.

3. Learning theories and their influence on the development and use of educational technologies

Anne Semple
Australian Science Teachers Journal; Sep 2000; 46, 3; Education Module 

Link to Paper

This paper is talks about how computer technologies like interactive learning has made a huge massive impact on society but can be overlooked. The paper goes on to explain how children are constantly manipulating the interactive learning environment but somehow teaching has been left untouched which is a real shock as this type of technology is so beneficial to educational environments. The article also discuses the origins of behaviourism and constructivism and how they can provide a real and authentic e-learning environment if it is given the chance to be explored. The paper makes great points explaining that if these technologies are overlooked that we will be missing out on great opportunities and new ways of teaching.


4. Overview of research on the educational use of video games

Simon Egenfeldt-Nielsen

Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy03 / 2006 (Volum 1)

Link to Paper

This paper is about the educational use of video games. This paper explains how a lot of writers seem to forget that there are tonnes of articles and research done about video games and how they affect learning outcomes in children. The paper talks about this research and give the overall outcomes of the research he has collected. Video games are almost seen as a bad thing in most people’s minds but we get to discover that they are teaching us and can be a great way to get children learning and enjoying it. We get to see the strengths and weaknesses to do with learning from video games and how learning theories such as behaviourism and constructivism is evident in this new learning technologies.

5. Positive Psychology and Educational Administration: An Optimistic Research Agenda 

Wayne K. Hoy 

C. John Tarter
The Ohio State University, Columbus

OH, USA 2University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA 

Link to Paper  

This paper is all about positive psychology and the research into its new perspective. The paper dives right into how positive psychology is a way to help children enjoy learning and not focus on the negatives. Learning is supposed to be fun and full of exploration and sometimes it can be overrun with these senses of negativism that can outshine positivism. The article talks about the impact positive psychology can have on not just children but adults it can define who we are help us to focus on the good rather than the bad which most people have trouble with. The paper is not trying to cause a shift but get people to think about their ways of thinking and how thinking positively can be a huge benefit

The layout of my document will have a small introduction into what my article is about I will then talk about my research from my bibliographies I have chosen and then have a small conclusion.

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